Coenzyme Q and the regulation of intracellular steady-state levels of superoxide in HL-60 cells

The present work was set to study how CoQ concentrations affected steady-state levels of superoxide in a cellular model of partial CoQ(10) deficiency in cultured human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Culturing HL-60 cells in the presence of p-aminobenzoate, a competitive inhibitor of polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate transferase (Coq2p), produced a significant decrease of CoQ(10) levels without affecting cell viability. Concomitant decreases in CoQ-dependent electron transport activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed under these conditions. Intracellular superoxide was significantly elevated in cells treated with p-aminobenzoate, both under serum-containing and serum-free conditions, and this effect was reversed by exogenous CoQ(10). A slight increase of superoxide was also observed in CoQ(10)-supplemented cells in the absence of serum. Our results support a requirement for CoQ(10) to control superoxide levels in HL-60 cells. The importance of extramitochondrial sources of superoxide in cells with impaired CoQ(10) biosynthesis is discussed.