Iron uptake and metabolism in pseudomonads |
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Authors: | Pierre Cornelis |
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Institution: | (1) Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Pseudomonads are ubiquitous Gram-negative γ proteobacteria known for their extreme versatility and adaptability. Some are
plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae) which have to survive on the surface of leaves while others can colonize the rhizosphere or survive in soil (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida), and one species, Pseudomonas entomophila, is an insect pathogen. The most investigated species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is known to be an opportunistic pathogen able to infect plants, nematodes, insects, and mammals, including humans. Like
for other bacteria, iron is a key nutrient for pseudomonads. The fluorescent pseudomonads produce siderophores, the best known
being the fluorescent high-affinity peptidic pyoverdines. Often diverse secondary siderophores of lower affinity are produced
as well (pyochelin, pseudomonin, corrugatins and ornicorrugatins, yersiniabactin, and thioquinolobactin). Reflecting their
large capacity of adaptation to changing environment and niche colonization, pseudomonads are able to obtain their iron from
heme or from siderophores produced by other microorganisms (xenosiderophores) via the expression of outer membrane TonB-dependent
receptors. As expected, iron uptake is exquisitely and hierarchically regulated in these bacteria. In this short review, the
diversity of siderophores produced, receptors, and finally the way iron homeostasis is regulated in P. aeruginosa, P. syringae, P. putida, and P. fluorescens, will be presented and, when possible, put in relation with the lifestyle and the ecological niche. |
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