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Temperature and photoperiod affect stress resistance traits in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:Stephanie S. Bauerfeind  Vanessa Kellermann  Neda N. Moghadam  Volker Loeschcke  Klaus Fischer
Affiliation:1. Department of Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, , Greifswald, Germany;2. Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, , Greifswald, Germany;3. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, , Melbourne, Australia;4. Department of Bioscience, Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, University of Aarhus, , Aarhus C, Denmark
Abstract:The long‐term survival of species and populations depends on their ability to adjust phenotypic values to environmental conditions. In particular, the capability of dealing with environmental stress to buffer detrimental effects on fitness is considered to be of pivotal importance. Resistance traits are readily modulated by a wide range of environmental factors. In the present study, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen is used to investigate plastic responses to temperature and photoperiod in stress resistance traits. The results reveal that stress resistance traits (cold, heat, starvation and desiccation resistance) are affected by the factors temperature and sex predominantly. Cooler temperatures compared with warmer temperatures increase cold tolerance, desiccation and starvation resistance, whereas they reduce heat tolerance. Except for heat resistance, females are more stress‐resistant than males. Stress resistance traits are also affected by photoperiod. Shorter photoperiods decrease cold tolerance, whereas longer photoperiods enhance desiccation resistance. Overall, thermal effects are pervasive throughout all measured resistance traits, whereas photoperiodic effects are of limited importance in the directly developing (i.e. nondiapausing) flies used here, suggesting that pronounced photoperiodic effects on stress resistance traits may be largely limited to, and triggered by, diapause‐inducing effects.
Keywords:Cold tolerance  desiccation resistance  heat tolerance  phenotypic plasticity  starvation resistance
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