花后干旱或渍水下氮素供应对小麦光合和籽粒淀粉积累的影响

防雨池栽条件下,设置渍水、干旱和对照3个土壤水分处理,每水分处理下再设置两个施氮水平,研究了花后渍水和干旱逆境下氮素水平对两个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种光合特性和籽粒淀粉积累的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,花后渍水和干旱处理显著降低小麦旗叶净光合速率和SPAD值,干物质积累量下降.干旱处理下,增施氮肥提高旗叶光合速率和SPAD值,渍水处理下则相反.水分逆境明显降低籽粒可溶性总糖含量,且渍水处理下增施氮肥降低小麦叶片和籽粒可溶性总糖含量,干旱状态下规律相反.渍水处理下增施氮肥降低淀粉积累速率.水分逆境明显降低小麦粒重、产量和淀粉产量,且干旱处理下增施氮肥有利于籽粒重、产量和淀粉产量的提高,而渍水下增施氮肥使粒重和产量进一步降低.试验结果表明,花后渍水和干旱逆境下施用氮肥对小麦旗叶光合速率和籽粒淀粉积累有明显的调节效应.

Effects of nitrogen supply on flag leaf photosynthesis and grain starch accumulation of wheat from its anthesis to maturity under drought or waterlogging

In this paper, a cement pool culture experiment with three water treatments (waterlogging, drought, and moderate water supply) and two nitrogen levels (120 and 240 kg x hm(-2)) was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen supply on the flag leaf photosynthesis and grain starch accumulation of two wheat varieties from anthesis to maturity under soil drought and waterlogging. In comparing with moderate water supply, soil drought and waterlogging reduced the photosynthesis rate (Pn) and SPAD of flag leaf and dry matter accumulation. Nitrogen supply under drought increased Pn and SPAD, while that under waterlogging was in adverse. The total soluble sugar content in grain was reduced under both drought and waterlogging, while that in leaf was decreased under waterlogging but increased under drought. Under waterlogging, increasing nitrogen application rate reduced starch accumulation. The unit grain weight and the yields of grain and starch were reduced under both drought and waterlogging, but nitrogen application favored them under drought while in adverse under waterlogging. It was indicated that both leaf photosynthesis and grain starch accumulation could be regulated by nitrogen supply under stress of soil drought or waterlogging from anthesis to maturity of wheat.