汶川地震后野生动物及栖息地的调查——以龙溪虹口和千佛山自然保护区为例

为了解汶川地震对野生动物及其栖息地的影响，2008年10月中旬，选择在龙溪虹口和千佛山两个自然保护区进行野外实地调查。在调查的20条样线中，发现次生地质灾害体100处，平均面积为（12±2．5）hm^2。地质灾害体按基质成分所占比例由大到小依次为土壤、裸岩、流石滩、地被残留物，其中部分灾害体上已经长出草本植物。地质灾害点发生比例与坡度之间呈显著正相关，地质灾害体的面积和影响范围也呈显著正相关。野外调查中共发现动物活动痕迹点52处，没有发现因地震直接导致伤亡的动物个体，约60％的动物活动痕迹位于距地质灾害体100m的范围内，表明地震后动物的活动区域并未远离崩塌、滑坡等次生地质灾害体；与震前相比，在旅游景区发现更多野生动物的活动痕迹，表明人类活动停止后，野生动物重新利用这些栖息地。

Investigation of wildlife and its habitats after Wenchuan Earthquake: the case study of Longxihongkou and Qianfoshan nature reserves

To understand the effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on wildlife and its habitat, a field survey was carried out in middle of October 2008 in two nature reserves including Longxihongkou and Qianfoshan. In 20 sampling lines we surveyed, 100 secondary geologic hazard spots were found with the average size of (12±2.5)hm2.The proportion of ground- substance decreased in the sequence of soil, bare rocks, scree and remnant vegetation. Newly grown herbs were also found on soil for some the geo-hazards. Results showed that the percentage of secondary geo-hazards was significant positively correlated with slope, and its affective range was also significant positively correlated with the size of secondary geo-hazards. We found 52 animal trace spots, but without life body. Over 60% of trace spots were found within the distance of 100 meters to secondary geo-hazards, which indicate that wildlife did not escape away from areas with secondary geo-hazards. In addition, more trace spots were found during this survey in tourism region where it was rare before earthquake, which means that wildlife re-used these habitats after human disturbances was eliminated.