Distribution of the oriental weatherloach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in paddy fields and its implications for conservation in Sado Island, Japan |
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Authors: | Yuichi Kano Yôichi Kawaguchi Tomomi Yamashita Yukihiro Shimatani |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan;(2) Present address: Laboratory of Ecosystem Management, Division of Ecosystem Design, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan |
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Abstract: | The distribution of the oriental weatherloach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, together with related environmental factors were surveyed at 185 paddy field locations on Sado Island in Japan. This was
associated with the reintroduction of the Japanese crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, which prefers to feed on the loach. Loach were found to be present at 90 locations (49%). Analysis with GIS, GLM and AIC
revealed that positive factors for the loach distribution included the presence of an earth ditch, the connections at outlets
and the proportion of paddy field area within an 800 m radius. Conversely, pumping-up water irrigation and flow irrigation
affected loach distribution negatively. In an interview survey that was conducted concurrently, older farmers in the area
recalled that the loach had once been distributed over almost the entire island (89/96, 93%) about half a century ago. The
farmers also suggested that the impact of agricultural chemicals was one of the main reasons for loach reduction or local
extinction. A map of the current potential loach distribution was made using the best fit model from GIS variables. The loach
was expected to be distributed in the Kuninaka region with high probability (60–100%) and in patches in the Osado and Kosado
regions with low–medium probability (10–50%). As a feasible scenario for the conservation of the loach, another predictive
map of the loach distributions was made using a model fit based on the GIS variables and outlet connection, in which the all
of the outlets were presumed to be connected to the ditches without gaps. In this case, the loach were expected to be distributed
almost throughout the paddy fields with medium–high probability (40–100%). In another scenario that presumed the complete
land consolidation of all the paddy fields, the probability of loach occurrence was low (0–30%) throughout the island with
the exception of the island’s center in the Kuninaka region. |
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