Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin,development, and future |
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| Authors: | Bowen Liu Jinling Cao Xiangyun Wang Chunlei Guo Yunxia Liu Tianjiao Wang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, Henan PR China ;2.Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA ;3.State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.Subject terms: Oncogenes, Non-coding RNAs |
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