Role of epigenetic modulation in cancer stem cell fate |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;2. School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;1. Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and;2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191 Beijing, China;2. Department of Gastrointestinal Translation Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, 52 Fucheng Road, 100142 Beijing, China;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;3. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;4. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;1. Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;3. Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department for Biomedical Sciences & Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;5. Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark;6. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;7. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | A sub-population of the tumor micro-environment consists of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for the initiation and recurrence of cancer. Recently, epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling have been found to be involved in inducing epigenetic factors in CSCs. Most of these processes, such as DNA methylation, generally occur in the genome that is rich in Cytosine-Guanine repeat sequences, also known as CpG islands, which are distributed throughout the human genome. The Polycomb gene (PcG) complex is a chromatin modifier facilitating the maintenance of embryonic and adult stem cells. Recent evidence suggests that the PcG is also involved in maintaining CSC stemness. We have presented various aspects and examples of how epigenetic modulation may drive or promote tumorigenesis and metastasis by alteration of key transcriptomic programs and signaling pathways in CSCs. |
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| Keywords: | Cancer stem cells Epigenetics Wnt signaling pathways DNA methylation Histone modification Chromatin remodeling Polycomb gene Chromatin immunoprecipitation |
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