Landing from different heights: Biomechanical and neuromuscular strategies in trained gymnasts and untrained prepubescent girls |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece;1. Institut Nacional d''Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Av. de l’Estadi 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain;2. School of Health Science, TecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, University Pompeu Fabra, Av. Ernest Lluch, 32, 08302 Mataró, Spain;3. Kinesiology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330, United States;1. Cardiff School of Engineering, College of Physical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;2. Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;3. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom;1. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway;2. Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanics of the lower limb, during landing in female prepubertal gymnasts and prepubertal untrained girls, aged 9–12 years. Ten healthy participants were included in each group and performed five landings from 20, 40, and 60 cm. Kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF) and electromyogram (EMG) from the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis are presented. Gymnasts had higher vertical GRF and shorter braking phase during landing. Compared to untrained girls, gymnasts exhibited for all examined drop heights more knee flexion before and at ground contact, but less knee flexion at maximum knee flexion position. Especially when increasing drop heights the gymnasts activated their examined muscles earlier, and generally they had higher pre- and post landing EMG amplitudes normalized to the peak EMG at 60 cm drop height. Furthermore, gymnasts had lower antagonist EMG for the tibialis anterior compared to untrained girls, especially when landing from higher heights. It is concluded that the landing strategy preferred by gymnasts is influenced by long-term and specialized training and induces a stiffer landing pattern. This could have implications in injury prevention, which requires further investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Gymnasts Prepubescent girls Neuromuscular activity Ground reaction force Kinetics Kinematics |
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