Cytokines and cytokine networks target neurons to modulate long-term potentiation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;4. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;5. Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking, People''s Republic of China;7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA;3. Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, USA;1. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology and Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China;2. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;3. Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;2. Department of Surgery Stony Brook University Hospital Stony Brook, NY;3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY |
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| Abstract: | Cytokines play crucial roles in the communication between brain cells including neurons and glia, as well as in the brain-periphery interactions. In the brain, cytokines modulate long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of memory. Whether cytokines regulate LTP by direct effects on neurons or by indirect mechanisms mediated by non-neuronal cells is poorly understood. Elucidating neuron-specific effects of cytokines has been challenging because most brain cells express cytokine receptors. Moreover, cytokines commonly increase the expression of multiple cytokines in their target cells, thus increasing the complexity of brain cytokine networks even after single-cytokine challenges. Here, we review evidence on both direct and indirect-mediated modulation of LTP by cytokines. We also describe novel approaches based on neuron- and synaptosome-enriched systems to identify cytokines able to directly modulate LTP, by targeting neurons and synapses. These approaches can test multiple samples in parallel, thus allowing the study of multiple cytokines simultaneously. Hence, a cytokine networks perspective coupled with neuron-specific analysis may contribute to delineation of maps of the modulation of LTP by cytokines. |
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| Keywords: | Synapse LTP Hippocampus FASS-LTP Inflammation |
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