First dendro-archaeological evidence of a completely excavated medieval settlement in the extreme north of Western Siberia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny, 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia;2. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, pr. Lavrentieva, 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;3. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge,Downing Place, CB2 3EN Cambridge, UK;4. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;5. CzechGlobe and Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;6. Central-Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences,T. Frunze St., 73/2, Bishkek, 720027, Kyrgyzstan;1. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia;2. Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect, 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;3. Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia;4. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;1. Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia;2. Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology of Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India;2. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411 008, India;3. Birbal Sahani Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, 226 007, India;4. National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India;5. Formerly at Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India, 380009;1. Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;2. Department of Geography, Environment and Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;3. School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA;5. Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;6. Department of Geography, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany;7. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;9. Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;10. School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, UK;11. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;12. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;2. Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Navarino Environmental Observatory, Messinia, Greece;4. Department of History, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;6. Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany;7. Centre for International Development and Environmental Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany;8. Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi AgroForestali, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;9. Tree Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;10. Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA;11. Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia;12. Laboratory of Ecosystem Biogeochemistry, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia;13. Institute for the Humanities, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia;14. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Rovaniemi Unit, Rovaniemi, Finland;15. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;p. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;q. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, CONICET-Mendoza, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina;r. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | The Buchta Nakhodka settlement is the only archaeological site in the northern part of Western Siberia that has been fully excavated. This well-preserved settlement on Russia’s Yamal Peninsula around 67° N and 72° E, however, has not yet been calendar dated, and the cultural identity of its inhabitants still remains unknown. Here we apply, for the first time, dendrochronological techniques to absolutely date 13 of the most important archaeological timbers from the Buchta Nakhodka settlement. Statistical robust cross-dating results place the construction into the second quarter of the 13th century. The Buchta Nakhodka settlement reveals no obvious connection with the modern, nomadic population of Yamal, the Nenets. Together with a careful literature review, this study indicates that the closest construction techniques and subsequent settlement forms can be found on Iceland and across northern Fennoscandia, where Sami people are building their houses in a similar way. Our combined archaeological, dendrochronological, ethnographical and (archaeo)zoological evidence suggests that the ancient inhabitants of Buchta Nakhodka were closely related to the Sihirtya people that were often mentioned in ancient Nenets folklore as legendary people who inhabited the Yamal Peninsula previously. In providing unique insights into the medieval settlement history of the northern part of Western Siberia, we hope to encourage further interdisciplinary research projects to be launched at Eurasia’s high-northern latitudes. |
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| Keywords: | Archaeology Construction timber Dendrochronology Population dynamics Settlement history Tree-ring dating Western siberia Yamal peninsula |
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