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β-carotene production from soap stock by loofa-immobilized Rhodotorula rubra in an airlift photobioreactor
Institution:1. Department of Chemical-Biotechnology Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;3. Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People''s Republic of China;2. Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People''s Republic of China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;2. Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, MED, Nanjing 210037, China;1. Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain;2. Department of Food Research, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico;1. Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, PR China;2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, PR China;3. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China;1. Division Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu Science and Research Park, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan;2. Research Center for Advanced Eco-fitting Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu Science and Research Park, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan;3. Advanced Catalytic Transformation Program for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan;1. University of Tehran, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Department of Life Science Engineering, P.O. Box: 14395-1561, Islamic Republic of Iran;2. University of Tehran, MEMS and NEMS Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Republic of Iran;3. Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
Abstract:In this study, the soap stock as a sole carbon source was used for growing a carotenoid producing yeast (Rhodotorula rubra). The application of soap stock resulted in increase of carotenoids yield up to 5.36 folds when compared with the grown cultures on glucose. On the best Monod equation fitted on the specific growth rate (μ) data, the maximum specific growth rate (μm) and half-saturation concentration (KS) were respectively determined at 0.064 h?1 and 3.26 g L?1 for total fatty acids presented in soap stock. Further tests on the carotenogenesis process were carried out in a cell-immobilized airlift photobioreactor where the natural loofa sponge was used for immobilization of the cells. The performance of the bioreactor was statistically studied by the response surface methodology (RSM) where aeration rate of 0.11 vvm and light irradiation intensity of 2517 Lx provided an optimum condition for producing β-carotene with a specific production rate of 22.65 mg gcell?1 day?1.
Keywords:Food industrial byproduct  Microbiological carotenogenesis  Carotenoid producing yeast  Kinetics study  Cell-immobilized bioreactor  Statistical optimization
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