壮族Y染色体分型及其内部遗传结构

壮族是中国最大的少数民族，与东南亚的泰老族群关系密切，在东亚人群的遗传结构研究中地位非常特殊。本研究调查了壮族各个支系的Y染色体多样性，通过主成分分析、聚类分析和分子方差分析，揭示壮族的内部父系遗传结构。结果发现，壮族的主要Y染色体单倍群为O%＊，O2a，O1。传统的对壮族按方言分为南北二组的分类方法在遗传上并没有依据，壮族支系体现出从东往西的梯度变化过程。这说明壮族的结构中有几个层次，最早的成分普遍出现在各个支系中，第二层是由东部来的百越核心成分，第三层是北方来的汉族成分。壮族内部遗传结构的分析将有助于对东亚人群的南来起源的研究。

Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations

Zhuang, the largest ethnic minority population in China, is one of the descendant groups of the ancient Bai-Yue. Linguistically, Zhuang languages are grouped into northern and southern dialects. To characterize its genetic structure, 13 East Asian-specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 7 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers were used to infer the haplogroups of Zhuang populations. Our results showed that O*, O2a, and O1 are the predominant haplogroups in Zhuang. Frequency distribution and principal component analysis showed that Zhuang was closely related to groups of Bai-Yue origin and therefore was likely to be the descendant of Bai-Yue. The results of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis contradicted the linguistically derived north-south division. Interestingly, a west-east clinal trend of haplotype frequency changes was observed, which was supported by AMOVA analysis that showed that between-population variance of east-west division was larger than that of north-south division. O* network suggested that the Hongshuihe branch was the center of Zhuang. Our study suggests that there are three major components in Zhuang. The O* and O2a constituted the original component; later, O1 was brought into Zhuang, especially eastern Zhuang; and finally, northern Han population brought O3 into the Zhuang populations.