Seventeen copies of the human 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor/p40 ribosome-associated protein gene are processed pseudogenes arisen from retropositional events |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Clinical Big Data Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;2. Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China;3. Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;1. Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Xi''an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China;3. Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA;4. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA;5. Department of Surgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA;6. College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;7. Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China;8. Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China |
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| Abstract: | A cDNA coding for a 37 kDa polypeptide has been identified in several species as both the potential precursor of the 67 kDa laminin receptor (37LRP) and a putative ribosome-associated protein (p40). Interestingly, increased expression of this polypeptide (37LRP/p40) is consistently observed in invasive and metastatic cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis. Southern-blot analysis of human genomic DNA predicted multiple copies of the 37LRP/p40 gene. In this study, we report that the number of copies of this sequence in the human genome is 26 ± 2. We have sequenced and analyzed 19 genomic clones corresponding to the 37LRP/p40 gene and found that they were all processed pseudogenes. They all lack intronic sequences and show multiple genetic alterations leading in some cases to the appearance of stop codons. Moreover, they all bear characteristic features of retroposons as the presence of a poly(A)-tail at their 3′ end and short direct repeated flanking DNA sequences. None of the pseudogenes analyzed present cis-elements in their 5′ flanking region such as TATA or GC boxes. Our data reveal that over 50% of the 37LRP/p40 gene copies are pseudogenes most probably generated by retropositional events. The finding of multiple pseudogenes for the 37LRP/p40 gene suggests that the accumulation of several copies of this gene might have given a survival advantage to the cell in the course of evolution. |
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