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Efficacy of Probiotics-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update
Authors:Shanmugaprakasham Selvamani  Vijay Mehta  Hesham Ali El Enshasy  Suganthi Thevarajoo  Hala El Adawi  Ibrahim Zeini  Khoa Pham  Theodoros Varzakas  Bassam Abomoelak
Affiliation:1. Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia;2. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia;3. Research and Development Dept., Nutrition Technologies Sdn. Bhd., 79150 Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia;4. Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando 32806, FL, USA;5. City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;6. Product Development Laboratory, U-Say Marketing Pte. Ltd. Admiralty St, 757437, Singapore;7. Advent Health Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA;8. University of the Peloponnese, Dept. Food Science and Technology, Greece
Abstract:Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. play an important role in human health as they embark beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal microflora composition and immune system. Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Higher prevalence of IBD is often recorded in most of the developed Western countries, but recent data has shown an increase in previously regarded as lower risk regions, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Although the IBD etiology remains a subject of speculation, the disease is likely to have developed because of interaction between extrinsic environmental elements; the host’s immune system, and the gut microbial composition. Compared to conventional treatments, probiotics and probiotic-based interventions including the introduction of specific prebiotics, symbiotic and postbiotic products had been demonstrated as more promising therapeutic measures. The present review discusses the association between gut dysbiosis, the pathogenesis of IBD, and risk factors leading to gut dysbiosis. In addition, it discusses recent studies focused on the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiome as an effective therapy for IBD. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections on IBD are also discussed in this review. Clinical and animal-based studies have shown that probiotic-based therapies can restore the gastrointestinal microbiota balance and reduce gut inflammations. Therefore, this review also assesses the status quo of these microbial-based therapies for the treatment of IBD. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions on modulating altered gut microbiota is required to enhance the effectiveness of the IBD therapeutics.
Keywords:Probiotics  Prebiotics  Synbiotics  Postbiotics  Inflammatory bowel disease  Gastrointestinal dysbiosis
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