The effect of consuming different proportions of hummer fish on biochemical and histopathological changes of hyperglycemic rats

Hammour fish (grouper fish) are known to be of great nutritional value for human consumption, as their protein has a high biological value and contains all the essential amino acids. Grouper fish are also a good source of minerals, vitamins, and fats that contain essential fatty acids. Thus, the current study aims to know the effect of different proportion of hummer fish on biochemical and histopathological changes of hyperglycemic rats. Twenty-four (24) Sprague Dawley-strain male albino rats, which weighed 150 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups. One group served as the negative control (normal), while the others were rendered diabetic using alloxan. One of the diabetic groups was considered the positive control and fed a standard diet, whereas the remaining two groups were fed with a 20% and 25% hammour fish diet for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from all the rats, and their organs were removed and subjected to biochemical analysis. The results indicated that the group fed with the 25% hammour fish diet exhibited significantly lower levels of liver, kidney, and heart damage, along with lower levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, GOT, GPT and ALP, as compared to the positive control. The urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher for the rats that were fed the 20% hammour fish diet than for those in the positive control. The histopathological study of the heart showed a slight improvement of the heart tissues with the increase of hammour fish intake compare to the positive control, while kidney of rat from group 4, which were fed 25% hammour fish, showed granularity of epithelial lining glomerular tufts.