Toxicity of Cadmium and nickel in the context of applied activated carbon biochar for improvement in soil fertility |
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| Institution: | 1. Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan, 60000 Punjab, Pakistan;2. Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan;3. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab Pakistan;4. Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;5. Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;6. Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses, CIRAD, Montpellier, France;7. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey;8. Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;9. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;10. City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt;11. Malaysia-Japan Advanced Research Centre (MJARC), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia;12. Department of agricultural Extension and Rural society, College of food sciences and agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh, PO Box 2460, 11451, Saudi Arabia;13. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;14. Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Toxicity induced by heavy metals deteriorates soil fertility status. It also adversely affects the growth and yield of crops. These heavy metals become part of the food chain when crops are cultivated in areas where heavy metals are beyond threshold limits. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are considered the most notorious ones among different heavy metals. The high water solubility of Cd made it a potential toxin for plants and their consumers. Accumulation of Ni in plants, leaves, and fruits also deteriorates their quality and causes cancer in humans when such a Ni-contaminated diet is used regularly. Both Cd and Ni also compete with essential nutrients of plants, making the fertility status of soil poor. To overcome this problem, the use of activated carbon biochar can play a milestone role. In the recent past application of activated carbon biochar is gaining more and more attention. Biochar sorb the Cd and Ni and releases essential micronutrients that are part of its structure. Many micropores and high cation exchange capacity make it the most acceptable organic amendment to improve soil fertility and immobilize Cd and Ni. In addition to improving water and nutrients, soil better microbial proliferation enhances the soil rhizosphere ecosystem and nutrient cycling. This review has covered Cd and Ni harmful effects on crop yield and their immobilization by activated carbon biochar. The focus was made to elaborate on the positive effects of biochar on crop yield and soil health. |
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| Keywords: | Biochar Crops yield Heavy metals Toxicity Soil fertility |
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