In-vivo hyperglycemic,antioxidant, histopathological changes,and simultaneous measurement of kaempferol verified by high-performance thin layer chromatography of Setaria italica in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats |
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| Authors: | Divya Singh Kapil Lawrence Sunil Singh Sezai Ercisli Ravish Choudhary |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. United Institute of Pharmacy, U.C.E.R., Prayagraj, India;3. Atatürk University, Department of Horticulture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;4. Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSetaria italica (common name- foxtail, kangni) is one of the major food crops which is prominently cultivated in southern regions of India and in certain regions of Uttar Pradesh. Besides the crop’s consumption as a general source of carbohydrate rich cereal, the seeds of the crop are comprised of more fiber. So, it is recommended to add in the dietary supplementation of the diabetic people across the country.ObjectiveIn this paper, it intends to investigate the antidiabetic activity and antioxidant activity of S. italica (foxtail millet) seeds in diabetic rats.MethodsThe six genotypes of foxtail millets (S. italica) namely Kangni-1, Kangni-4, Kangni-5, Kangni-6, Kangni-7 & Kangni-10 respectively were subjected to in vitro investigations via. comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) involving blood glucose study, Kidney & Liver function test, and antioxidant study (Catalase test; Glutathione S-transferase (GST); Superoxide Dismutase (SOD); glutathione (GSH); hiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) & Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and were performed in vivo animal investigations in Wistar rats. The STZ induced diabetic rats were fed with doses of different S. italica seed aqueous extract to evaluate its anti-hyperglycemic activity by oral administration of SISAE. Further, it was compared with Glibenclamide which acts as one of the standard oral hypoglycemic agents.ResultsFrom achieved outcomes, a significant fall of blood glucose level (70%) produced 300 mg SISAE/kg b.w. after 6 h of extract administration. However, no change could be produced by these doses of the SISAE in normal rats’ blood glucose levels. A significant fall in glucose level along with significant glycemic control by lower HbA1c levels was observed in diabetic treated rats after 3 weeks of treatment with 300 mg of SISAE/kg b.w./day when comparing to untreated diabetic rats. Among these five genotypes of S. italica, the differences in the glycemic index were found. a significant fall could be found in blood glucose levels of Wistar rats, when every experimental rat was incorporating with the extract of different genotypes of Setaria italica L. Beauv than the rats treated with Glibenclamide in every 7 days of interval. The level of catalase, SOD, GST, GPx, GSH and TBARS showed variation while the rats were fed with the extract of S. italica in the liver test of rats. In kidney function test, the result shows that there is significant relationship between foxtail extract and kidney function of STZ induced diabetes rats. They show the change in their serum creatinine level, serum urea and serum uric acid.ConclusionThe result obtained from the study shows that the extract of S. italica seeds is capable for the hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities, thereby, they serve as one of the good sources for herbal medicinal items. |
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| Keywords: | Antihyperglycemic activity Foxtail millet High-performance thin layer chromatography Kaempferol Histology Antioxidant SI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," $$" :[{" #name" :" italic" ," _" :" Setaria italica K-1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-1 K-4" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-4 K-5" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-5 K-6" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-6 K-7" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-7 K-10" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kangni-10 A.U." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Astronomical unit D.M." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Diabetes mellitus HbA1c" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Hemoglobin A1 C test S.T.Z." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Streptozotocin B.W." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Body weight I.P." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Inter peritoneal IDDM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Insulin dependent diabetes mellites NIDDM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellites H.P.T.L.C." },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" High-performance thin-layer chromatography Rf" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Retention factor SOD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Supper oxide dismutase GST" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Glutathione S, transferases GPx" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0230" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Glutathione Peroxidase GSH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0240" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Glutathione TBARS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0250" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
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