Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. and Areca nut (P.A) combined extracts against some food born pathogenic bacteria

The antibacterial effects of combined extracts of Punica granatum L. and Areca nut (P.A) against resistant bacteria, a gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Enterobacter aerogenes, in individual and biofilm forms was studied. Antibacterial activity was studied using disk diffusion method, microbroth dilution, and microtiter plate methods. Given the disc diffusion test (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)), the extracts had inhibitory effects on the individual forms of bacteria. However, the ethanolic extract had greater effectiveness than the methanolic extract. Generally, ethanol efficiently extracts flavonoids and their glycosides, catechol and tannins. This fact due to the ethanol polarity that is equal 0.654. The results indicated that the ability of extracts in inhibiting the formation of biofilms, destruction of biofilms, and prevention of metabolic activity of bacteria had a direct relationship with concentration and the highest inhibitory was seen on Staphylococcus aureus (98.98%), Staphylococcus aureus (94.98%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (88.55%). Based on the results, the P.A. combined extract can be used as an alternative combination with the ability to inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria in single and biofilm forms.