Improvement in growth and yield attributes of cluster bean through optimization of sowing time and plant spacing under climate change scenario |
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| Authors: | Ibrar Hussain,Muqarrab Ali,Adel M. Ghoneim,Khurram Shahzad,Omer Farooq,Shahid Iqbal,Fahim Nawaz,Shakeel Ahmad,Viliam Bá rek,Marian Brestic,Sami Al Obaid,Shah Fahad,Subhan Danish,Suleyman TABAN,Hanife AKÇ A,Rahul Datta |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agronomy, MNS- University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan;2. Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Soil Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan;4. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan;5. Department of Soil Science, MNS- University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan;6. Institute of Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia;7. Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia;8. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;9. Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;10. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan;11. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Diskapi-Ankara, Turkey;12. Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) yield has plateaued due to reduction in rainfall and rise in temperature. Therefore, its production cycle could not get appropriate water and temperature. It becomes important to standardize the sowing time and plant spacing of cluster beans in changing climate scenarios to get higher productivity. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2019 at the Research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to evaluate the effect of four sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) and three plant spacings (10, 12 and 15 cm) on crop growth, yield, and physiological functions of cluster bean genotype BR-2017 under split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) were placed in the main plot, while plant spacing (10, 12 and 15 cm) was maintained in subplots. The significant effect of sowing time and plant spacing was observed on pod plant−1, pod length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight. Results showed that 1st June sowing performed better over 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July, while plant spacing 15 cm about in all sowing times showed higher results on growth and yield parameters of cluster bean over plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cm. The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively. Maximum grain yield was observed on 1st June in all three spacings (10, 12, and 15 cm). The chord diagram indicates that the crop has received optimum environmental conditions when sown 1st June over other sowing times. In conclusion, 1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacing could be a good option to achieve maximum productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario. |
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| Keywords: | Growth attributes Planting density Sowing time |
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