Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with Graves' disease: clinical manifestations,follow-up,and outcomes |
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| Authors: | Gianluca Tamagno Yahya Celik Rafael Simó Marcel Dihné Kazumi Kimura Giorgio Gelosa Byung I Lee Caroline Hommet Giovanni Murialdo |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus,St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland;2.Department of Neurology,Trakya University School of Medicine,Edirne,Turkey;3.Division of Endocrinology,Vall d'Hebron University Hospital,Barcelona,Spain;4.Department of Neurology,University Hospital Düsseldorf,Düsseldorf,Germany;5.Department of Stroke Medicine,Kawasaki Medical School,Okayama,Japan;6.Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital,University of Milano-Bicocca,Monza,Italy;7.Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;8.Service of Geriatric Internal Medicine,Regional University Hospital,Tours,France;9.Department of Endocrine and Medical Sciences,University of Genoa,Genoa,Italy |
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| Abstract: | Background The encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is characterized by neurological/psychiatric symptoms, high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, non-specific electroencephalogram abnormalities, and responsiveness to the corticosteroid treatment in patients with an autoimmune thyroid disease. Almost all EAATD patients are affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), although fourteen EAATD patients with Graves' disease (GD) have been also reported. |
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