Spatiotemporal variation in reproductive parameters of yellow-bellied marmots |
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Authors: | Arpat Ozgul Madan K Oli Lucretia E Olson Daniel T Blumstein Kenneth B Armitage |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;(2) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;(3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA |
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Abstract: | Spatiotemporal variation in reproductive rates is a common phenomenon in many wildlife populations, but the population dynamic
consequences of spatial and temporal variability in different components of reproduction remain poorly understood. We used
43 years (1962–2004) of data from 17 locations and a capture–mark–recapture (CMR) modeling framework to investigate the spatiotemporal
variation in reproductive parameters of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), and its influence on the realized population growth rate. Specifically, we estimated and modeled breeding probabilities
of two-year-old females (earliest age of first reproduction), >2-year-old females that have not reproduced before (subadults),
and >2-year-old females that have reproduced before (adults), as well as the litter sizes of two-year old and >2-year-old
females. Most reproductive parameters exhibited spatial and/or temporal variation. However, reproductive parameters differed
with respect to their relative influence on the realized population growth rate (λ). Litter size had a stronger influence than did breeding probabilities on both spatial and temporal variations in λ. Our analysis indicated that λ was proportionately more sensitive to survival than recruitment. However, the annual fluctuation in litter size, abetted
by the breeding probabilities, accounted for most of the temporal variation in λ.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Breeding probability Capture– mark– recapture (CMR) Multistate model Population dynamics Pradel’ s reverse-time model Realized population growth rate Spatiotemporal population dynamics |
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