Comparative genomics of Leishmania isolates from Brazil confirms the presence of Leishmania major in the Americas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;2. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;3. UNIASSELVI, Santa Catarina, Brazil;4. Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA;1. Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel;2. Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa;3. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa;1. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;2. Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;3. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004, Australia;1. Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research Building, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, 1 University of New Mexico, NM 87131, USA;3. Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Av. Silveira Martins, n° 3386, Salvador, Bahia 41150-100, Brazil;4. Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 Brotas, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil;5. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;6. Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;7. Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater Building, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;1. Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK;2. Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), An Lòchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK;1. Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, Trinidad and Tobago;1. Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Leishmania (Leishmania) major is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, having as a vector sandflies belonging to the genus Phlebotomus. Although this species has been described as restricted to the Old World, parasites similar to L. major have been isolated from South American patients who have never travelled abroad. These parasites were named “L. major-like”, and several studies have been carried out to characterise them biochemically, molecularly, and biologically. However, the phylogenetic origin of these isolates is still unknown. In the present study we characterised three L. major-like isolates, named BH49, BH121 and BH129, using comparative genomics approaches. We evaluated the presence of gene and segmental duplications/deletions and the presence of aneuploidies that could explain the differences in infectivity observed in the BH49 and BH121 isolates. All isolates presented a pattern of mosaic aneuploidy and gene copy number variation, which are common in the genus Leishmania. Virulence factors such as phosphatases and peptidases were found to have increased gene copy numbers in the infective isolate, which could explain the difference in infectivity previously observed between BH121 and BH49. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BH49, BH121 and BH129 L. major-like grouped with L. major isolates, and suggest they were imported from the Old World in at least two independent events. We suggest that new epidemiological inquiries should also evaluate L. major infections in South America, to assess the epidemiological importance of this species in the New World. |
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| Keywords: | Phylogeny Chromosome copy number variation Gene copy number variation Virulence factors |
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