Local adaptation in brown trout early life-history traits: implications for climate change adaptability |
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Authors: | Jensen Lasse Fast Hansen Michael M Pertoldi Cino Holdensgaard Gert Mensberg Karen-Lise Dons Loeschcke Volker |
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Institution: | 1.National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;2.Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics and Ecology, University of Aarhus, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;3.Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Waszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Bialowieza, Poland;4.Danish Centre for Wild Salmon, Brusgårdsvej 15, 8900 Randers, Denmark |
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Abstract: | Knowledge of local adaptation and adaptive potential of natural populations is becoming increasingly relevant due to anthropogenic changes in the environment, such as climate change. The concern is that populations will be negatively affected by increasing temperatures without the capacity to adapt. Temperature-related adaptability in traits related to phenology and early life history are expected to be particularly important in salmonid fishes. We focused on the latter and investigated whether four populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) are locally adapted in early life-history traits. These populations spawn in rivers that experience different temperature conditions during the time of incubation of eggs and embryos. They were reared in a common-garden experiment at three different temperatures. Quantitative genetic differentiation (QST) exceeded neutral molecular differentiation (FST) for two traits, indicating local adaptation. A temperature effect was observed for three traits. However, this effect varied among populations due to locally adapted reaction norms, corresponding to the temperature regimes experienced by the populations in their native environments. Additive genetic variance and heritable variation in phenotypic plasticity suggest that although increasing temperatures are likely to affect some populations negatively, they may have the potential to adapt to changing temperature regimes. |
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Keywords: | common-garden experiment global warming natural selection phenotypic plasticity QST versus FST reaction norm |
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