Genetic diversity,symbiotic efficiency,stress tolerance,and plant growth promotion traits of rhizobia nodulating Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana growing in dryland soils in southern Morocco |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France;1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Dept. Biochemistry and Microbiology, Fac. Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium;2. Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom;1. Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil;2. Preventive Veterinary Medicine Departament, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;3. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;4. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil;5. Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;6. Department of Molecular Biology of Livestock, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;7. Department Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States;8. Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil;1. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Office E4-159, Eastlake building, 1100 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109-4433, USA;1. Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;2. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;3. Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;1. Leibniz Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany;2. Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Université de La Manouba, Tunisia;3. USCR Bactériologie Moléculaire & Génomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées & de Technologie, Université de Carthage, Tunisia;4. School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK |
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| Abstract: | In the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, stress tolerance, phytobeneficial traits, and symbiotic characteristics of rhizobial strains isolated from root nodules of Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana grown in soils collected in the extreme Southwest of the Anti-Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Subsequent to Rep-PCR fingerprinting, 16S rDNA gene sequencing of 15 representative strains showed that all of them belong to the genus Ensifer. Phylogenetic analysis and concatenation of the housekeeping genes gyrB, rpoB, recA, and dnaK revealed that the entire collection (except strain LMR678) shared 99.08 % to 99.92% similarity with Ensifer sp. USDA 257 and 96.92% to 98.79% with Sinorhizobium BJ1. Phylogenetic analysis of nodC and nodA sequences showed that all strains but one (LMR678) formed a phylogenetic group with the type strain “E. aridi” LMR001T (similarity over 98%). Moreover, it was relevant that most strains belong to the symbiovar vachelliae. In vitro tests revealed that five strains produced IAA, four solubilized inorganic phosphate, and one produced siderophores. All strains showed tolerance to NaCl concentrations ranging from 2 to 12% and grew at up to 10% of PEG6000. A greenhouse plant inoculation test conducted during five months demonstrated that most rhizobial strains were infective and efficient. Strains LMR688, LMR692, and LMR687 exhibited high relative symbiotic efficiency values (respectively 231.6 %, 171.96 %, and 140.84 %). These strains could be considered as the most suitable candidates for inoculation of V. t. subsp. raddiana, to be used as a pioneer plant for restoring arid soils threatened with desertification. |
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| Keywords: | MLSA phylogeny Symbiotic effectiveness Plant growth promoting traits Stress tolerance |
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