红火蚁对8种植物种子的选择性取食及其对种子萌发的影响

在室内研究了红火蚁Solenops isinvicta种群对玉米、绿豆、芥蓝、芝麻、番茄、水稻、藿香蓟及象草等8种植物种子的选择性取食及其对种子萌发的影响，结果表明红火蚁对芝麻种子最为喜好，且刮啃率最高（82．4％），对芝麻、藿香蓟、象草及芥蓝种子具有较高的搬运率（分别为100．0％、72．0％、44．0％及41．6％）和丢弃率（分别为86．4％、50．4％、79．2％及88．9％）。通过观察回收种子的萌发，结果表明红火蚁对芝麻、藿香蓟和象草种子的破坏最为严重，导致其未能正常萌发的种子分别占总数的64．3％、56．0％及49．7％。因此，通过上述指标可以判断红火蚁入侵后对芝麻、藿香蓟和象草种子存在较大潜在威胁。

Selective feeding of Solenopsis invicta on seeds of eight plant species and their influences on germination

The selective feeding of Solenopsis invicta on Zea mays, Vigna radiate, Brassica albograbra,Sesamum indicum, Solanum lycopersicum, Oryza sativa, Agerarum houstonianum and Pennisetum purpureum seeds, and the effect of S. invicta on seed germination were researched in the laboratory, The results showed that S. indicum, seeds were very attracted by S. invicta, and 82.4% of them were scarified.Meanwhile, S. indicum, A. houstonianum, P. purpureum and B. albograbra had higher rates of seeds removed (100.0%, 72.0%, 44.0% and 41.6%, respectively) and seeds discarded (86.4%,50. 4% , 79.2% and 88. 9% , respectively) than others. We further found that S. indicum, A. houstonianum and P. purpureum had lower rates of seed germination, 64. 3% , 56. 0% and 49. 7% of which were failure in germination. As a result, we indicated that invasion by S. invicta is a grave potential threat to seeds of S. indicum, A. houstonianum and P. purpureum.