Hormonal growth control of cells in culture |
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Authors: | I Hayashi J Larner G Sato |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;(2) Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia |
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Abstract: | Summary Serum is the last undefined component in cell culture media. Our results indicate that the primary role of serum is to provide
hormones and that serum can be replaced by a group of hormones. A rat pituitary cell line, GH3, can grow in serum-free medium if the medium is supplemented with 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine, TSH-releasing hormone, transferrin,
parathyroid hormone, insulin and three isoelectric focusing fractions of blood meal. The blood-meal components can be replaced
by fibroblast growth factor and somatomedin C. The growth rate of GH3 cells in hormone-supplemented serum-free medium is equal to that in serum-supplemented medium, and subculture in such medium
is also possible. These results indicate that the replacement of the serum component is complete in the GH3 system. The hormonal requirements of GH3 cells and those of HeLa and mouse melanoma, M2R, were compared. Two generalizations could be made: (a) All three cell lines
require insulin and transferrin. (b) There is a requirement for a hormone which localizes in the nucleus for each cell line.
These generalizations seem to hold true for most of the other cell lines for which the hormonal requirements have been partially
worked out. Since insulin is one of the universally required hormones, its effects on GH3, HeLa and M2R were compared. Insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis in all three cell lines and facilitates fatty-acid synthesis
in GH3 and M2R. However, there is a difference in the effect of insulin on growth among the three cell lines. Insulin is an absolute
requirement for GH3 cells without which the cells cannot survive, whereas this is not the case for HeLa and M2R. The most stringent requirement
for HeLa cells is for hydrocortisone, and for M2R, it is for transferrin. These results indicate that even though the necessity
for some hormones is common, the degree of requirement may vary from one cell line to another. Whether this difference reflects
the difference in the primary mode of action of the hormone on each cell type needs further investigation.
Presented in the Opening Symposium on Nutritional Factors and Differentiation at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Tissue Culture
Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 6–9, 1977.
This work was supported by NIH Grant GM 17019. J. Larner was supported by Josiah Macy Foundation |
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Keywords: | hormones growth cell culture serum-free medium |
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