Internal reference standards in ionic regulation and the predictability of ionic concentrations in animals |
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Institution: | Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Telephone: (041) 339-8855 |
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Abstract: | - 1.1. The regulation of ions at similar concentrations in most individuals of a species suggests the existence of internal reference standards.
- 2.2. Few have been identified, but many probably relate to cell membrane properties, including potentials, surface charge densities and equilibrium constants of receptor molecules.
- 3.3. Solubility may sometimes determine the product Ca2+]CO32−].
- 4.4. Reference standards must generally each relate to more than one ionic species.
- 5.5. For some concentrations, including osmolality, there may be no direct reference standard.
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