Mechanisms,origin and heredity of Glu-1Ay silencing in wheat evolution and domestication |
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Authors: | Guangbin Luo Shuyi Song Liru Zhao Lisha Shen Yanhong Song Xin Wang Kang Yu Zhiyong Liu Yiwen Li Wenlong Yang Xin Li Kehui Zhan Aimin Zhang Dongcheng Liu |
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Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;3.College of Agronomy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,China;4.Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China |
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Abstract: | Key messageAllotetraploidization drives Glu-1Ay silencing in polyploid wheat.AbstractThe high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene, Glu-1Ay, is always silenced in common wheat via elusive mechanisms. To investigate its silencing and heredity during wheat polyploidization and domestication, the Glu-1Ay gene was characterized in 1246 accessions containing diploid and polyploid wheat worldwide. Eight expressed Glu-1Ay alleles (in 71.81% accessions) and five silenced alleles with a premature termination codon (PTC) were identified in Triticum urartu; 4 expressed alleles (in 41.21% accessions), 13 alleles with PTCs and 1 allele with a WIS 2-1A retrotransposon were present in wild tetraploid wheat; and only silenced alleles with PTC or WIS 2-1A were in cultivated tetra- and hexaploid wheat. Both the PTC number and position in T. urartu Glu-1Ay alleles (one in the N-terminal region) differed from its progeny wild tetraploid wheat (1–5 PTCs mainly in the repetitive domain). The WIS 2-1A insertion occurred?~?0.13 million years ago in wild tetraploid wheat, much later than the allotetraploidization event. The Glu-1Ay alleles with PTCs or WIS 2-1A that arose in wild tetraploid wheat were fully succeeded to cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In addition, the Glu-1Ay gene in wild einkorn inherited to cultivated einkorn. Our data demonstrated that the silencing of Glu-1Ay in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat was attributed to the new PTCs and WIS 2-1A insertion in wild tetraploid wheat, and most silenced alleles were delivered to the cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, providing a clear evolutionary history of the Glu-1Ay gene in the wheat polyploidization and domestication processes. |
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