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Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gn1a</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">GS3</Emphasis> as key genes
Authors:Shiguang Wang  Bingtian Ma  Qiang Gao  Guojing Jiang  Lei Zhou  Bin Tu  Peng Qin  Xueqin Tan  Peixiong Liu  Yunhai Kang  Yuping Wang  Weilan Chen  Chengzhi Liang  Shigui Li
Institution:1.Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang,People’s Republic of China;2.State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang,People’s Republic of China;3.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People’s Republic of China
Abstract:

Key message

Shuhui498 (R498) is an elite parent of heavy panicle hybrid rice by pyramiding the rare gn1a and null gs3 alleles. This finding reveals the genetic basis and great potential application in future breeding of R498.

Abstract

The heavy panicle trait, defined as 5 g or more of grain weight per panicle, is one of the target traits in super-high-yield rice breeding programs. The use of heavy panicle-type hybrid rice has been shown to be a successful strategy for super-high-yield breeding programs, particularly under the environmental conditions of high humidity and deficient solar radiation in southwestern China. However, the genetic components of the heavy panicle trait in hybrid rice remain elusive. Here, we report that the combination of loss-of-function mutations in Grain number 1a (Gn1a) and Grain Size 3 (GS3) is responsible for the heavy panicle phenotype of the elite hybrid rice restorer line Shuhui498 (R498). The null gn1a allele is the determinant factor for heavy panicles through increased grain number, while gs3 is associated with grain size and weight. R498 pyramided the two major null alleles, resulting in heavy panicles with a high grain number and large grains. Clustering analysis revealed that the null gn1aR498 allele is a rare haplotype which has been innovatively utilized in R498, underscoring the great potential of R498 for breeding purposes. Our research thus sheds light on the distinct genetic compositions of heavy panicle-type rice and may potentially facilitate super-high-yield rice breeding.
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