水稻叶片衰老相关基因的研究进展

水稻叶片的衰老是制约杂交稻产量提高的主要因素之一,有数据表明水稻籽粒灌浆所需营养物质的60%～80%来自叶片的光合作用,实践证明叶片每推迟1天衰老,产量可提高产1%左右.因此,对叶片衰老的形态、生理生化及其相关分子机理等进行研究具有重要的现实意义.近年来水稻叶片衰老的相关研究表明,叶片的衰老是一个受众多因素影响的复杂过程,在这个过程中叶片发生了巨大的形态与生理生化变化,而这些变化均离不开基因的调控作用.大量实验结果表明:在衰老过程中,叶片细胞有选择地启动或增强某些基因(叶片衰老相关基因)的表达,而关闭或减弱另一些基因(衰老下调基因)的表达,由此来调控叶片衰老的进程.目前研究者已在研究衰老突变体等相关的材料中发现了许多与水稻叶片衰老有关的基因.本文重点概述了近年来水稻叶片衰老相关基因的研究状况,并对未来研究方向等问题做了思考与探讨,以期能为开展进一步的研究工作提供参考.

Research Advances on the Genes Related to Rice Leaf Senescence

Rice leaf senescence is one of the main restricted factors in hybrid rice yield,some research results showed that 60%to 80%nutrients required for rice grain-filling came from photosynthesis of leaf.And it was proved that the yield would increase about 1%ifthe leaf life-span can be prolonged for 1 day.Accordingly,it has an important practical significance researches on morphology,physiological and molecular mechanism in rice leaf senescence.The associated studies of rice leaf senescence indicated that rice leaf senescence is a complicated process effected by multiple factors,and rice leaf generate a lot of changes in morphology and physiology during this process which under the regulation of genes.A large number of experimental results indicated that cells in leaf selectively to switch on or enhanced genes expression and also to close or weaken its correlation genes expression in order to control aging process of leaf.Now scientists had discovered a lot of leaf senescence associated genes with the utilization of some leaf senescence mutants.In this article,we mainly summarized the advances in rice leaf senescence associated genes during recently years,and discussed the problems and perspectives of rice leaf senescence by means of provid information for further researches.