Are cyanobacteria involved in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning-like outbreaks in New Caledonia? |
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Authors: | Dominique Laurent Anne-Sophie Kerbrat H Taiana Darius Emmanuelle Girard Stjepko Golubic Evelyne Benoit Martin-Pierre Sauviat Mireille Chinain Jordi Molgo Serge Pauillac |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan;2. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan;3. Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan;4. Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, 194 Inoshiri, Usa, Tosa, Kochi, 781-1164, Japan;5. INO, 228 Koja, Okinawa, Okinawa, 904-2161, Japan;6. Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan |
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Abstract: | From 2001 to 2005, numerous cases of seafood poisonings were reported in a tribe from Lifou (Loyalty Islands Province, New Caledonia) of which 35 were thoroughly examined. Observations outlined by the epidemiological and clinical data (including severity and rapid onset of certain symptoms following consumption of either giant clams (Tridacna spp.) or grazing and molluscivorous fish together with the apparent inefficacy of traditional remedies, were not in favour of a classical Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) outbreak. From 2005 onwards, an environmental offshore survey of the affected area was conducted. Screening of the damaged coral area revealed the presence of large populations of cyanobacteria identified as Hydrocoleum Kützing, but the absence of Gambierdiscus spp., the well-known dinoflagellate causative agent of CFP. In vivo and in vitro toxicological studies of extracts obtained from cyanobacteria and giant clams, strongly suggested the co-occurrence of ciguatoxin-like, anatoxin-like and paralytic shellfish toxins in these samples.These new findings shed new light on the complexity of the CFP symptomatology and treatment and also on the diversity and origin of the CFP toxins. Furthermore they provide new evidence of the overall variability of seafood poisonings following the ingestion of different sea products living in a marine environment where significant harmful populations of microalgae and cyanobacteria coexist.This is the first report on the involvement of cyanobacteria in CFP-like outbreaks following the consumption of giant clams or fish specimens. Consequently, it is recommended that CFP risk assessment programs now include monitoring of cyanobacteria besides the obvious screening of CFP-promoting dinoflagellates. |
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Keywords: | Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Cyanobacteria Epidemiology Hydrocoleum Toxicology |
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