Defense by a few first-instar nymphs in the closed gall ofdinipponaphis autumna (homoptera, aphididae, hormaphidinae) |
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| Authors: | Shigeyuki Aoki Utako Kurosu Harunobu Shibao Seiki Yamane Takema Fukatsu |
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| Institution: | (1) Faculty of Economics, Rissho University, Magechi 1700, 360-0194 Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan;(2) Laboratory of Insect Resources, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, 156-8502 Tokyo, Japan;(3) Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, 1-1 Higashi, 305-8566 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;(4) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kagoshima University, 890-0065 Kagoshima, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The defensive behavior of the aphidDinipponaphis autumna, which forms small, completely closed galls on leaves ofDistylium racemosum, was observed. In mature galls, in addition to tens of mature or nearly mature aphids of the 3rd generation, there remained
3 – 17 1st-instar nymphs of the same generation, which had well-sclerotized legs and the antennae with developed setae. Despite
their minority, these 1st-instar nymphs clung to experimentally introduced insect larvae and stung them with their stylets.
Fourth-instar wingpadded nymphs, the majority of the 3rd generation at the experiment, also attacked the introduced larvae,
but they were readily spilt from the larvae. Four out of 205 1st-instar nymphs remaining in mature galls had the next instar
cuticle developing inside, indicating that they are not destined to be sterile. |
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