营养风险筛查及肠内营养支持对老年患者营养状况和感染性并发症的影响

目的：观察营养支持治疗在老年住院患者整体治疗中的重要性。方法：采用营养风险筛查方法NRS2002，对2009年7月-2012年3月在我院内科干部病房住院的老年患者进行营养风险筛查，选取NRS2002评分〉13分的有营养风险患者62例，随机分为2组，应用肠内营养持支持组和普通饮食对照组，各31例。分析营养支持治疗对患者实验室营养指标：包括血清白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PA）、总胆固醇（TC）、血红蛋白（Hb）水平影响及感染性并发症：包括肺部感染、尿路感染、褥疮发生率的影响变化。结果：入院14d后，营养支持组各营养指标均显著高于对照组值，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；营养支持组肺部感染、褥疮、尿路感染的发生率均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：肠内营养可以使有营养风险的老年住院患者的营养状况得到改善，同时减轻显著降低其肺部感染、褥疮、尿路感染并发症的发生率，改善老年患者的生活质量。

Influence of Nutritional Risk Screening and Enteral Nutrition Support on the Nutriture and Infectious Complications of Elderly Patients

Objective： To observe the importance of nutrition support therapy in the treatment of hospitalized elderly patients. Methods： This study design was a prospective, 14-day randomized, controlled trial. During the July 2009 to March 2012, elderly patients hospitalized in our hospital, nutritional risk screening NRS2002 was used to select nutritious risk patients with NRS2002 score 〉 3. Sixty-two patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive nutrition support therapy or ordinary diet with 31 cases in each group. Analysis the differences of laboratory nutritional indicators： serum albumin, prealbumin, total cholesterol, hemoglobin and the incidence of infectious complications： pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pressure sores in two groups. Results： Nutrition indicators in the nutrition support group were higher than that in the control group （P〈0.05）; The incidence of lung infections, pressure sores, urinary tract infections was lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Enteral nutrition support can could improve the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly patients with nutritious risk. Enteral nutrition can could reduce the incidence of infectious complications, and may improve the quality of elderly patient＇s life.