The myotendinous junction of the smooth feather muscles (mm. pennati)

Summary Smooth feather muscles (mm. pennati) consist of bundles of smooth muscle cells which are attached to the feather follicles by short elastic tendons. In addition, some muscle bundles are interrupted by elastic tendons. The elastic tendon is composed of longitudinally arranged elastic fibers which branch and wavy bundles of collagen fibrils. Smooth muscle cells of the muscle bundles are attached to each other by desmosome-like junctions and by fusion of the basal laminae. The cytoplasm of the muscle cells is characterized by conspicuous thick filaments and abundant thin and intermediate filaments. These are attached to band-like dense patches (dense bands) at the plasma membrane which are particularly broad at the tapering end of the muscle cell. The contact surface between smooth muscle cells and their elastic tendon is considerably increased (i) by deep finger-like invaginations and indentations located at the tapering muscle end, and (ii) by branching of the coarse elastic fibers into slender processes, which are attached to the richly folded surface of the muscle cell endings by peripheral microfibrils. This intimate interlocking closely resembles the myotendinous junctions in skeletal muscle. In addition to fibroblasts and fibrocytes, the myotendinous junction of the young growing chicks contains numerous so-called myofibroblasts, which are suggested to represent smooth muscle cells differentiating into fibroblasts of the developing tendon.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Helmut Leonhardt on the occasion of his 60th birthdaySupported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Dr. 91/1)