Physiological diversity and biogeography of vascular epiphytes at Río Changuinola, Panama |
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Authors: | Stefan WesterGlenda Mendieta-Leiva Lars NauheimerWolfgang Wanek Holger KreftGerhard Zotz |
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Institution: | a Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Research Group Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany b Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama c Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria d Biodiversity, Macroecology & Conservation Biogeography Group, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany e Systematic Botany & Mycology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Menzinger Str.67, 80638 Munich, Germany |
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Abstract: | The taxonomic composition of the vascular epiphyte flora at the Río Changuinola, Panama, was examined and complemented with an analysis of biogeographic affinities and physiological parameters related to plant water and nutrient relations. In an area of ca. 1000 ha, we found a total of 476 species of vascular epiphytes. This marks a new diversity record among lowland rainforest sites. Species composition was closely related to nearby lowland forest sites but not to montane sites. The floristic similarity with lowland sites decreased with distance and relative position towards the Andes. On basis of isotope discrimination, the proportion of species with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) was found to be low compared to other studies, and many of these species showed a rather weak expression of this photosynthetic pathway. This observation and distributional shifts in 15% of the species in the study area towards lower elevations suggest that local water availability is high which in turn is arguably responsible for the high species richness. |
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Keywords: | Functional diversity Crassulacean acid metabolism Leaf nitrogen content Lowland forest Montane forest Floristic composition |
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