Pollutant effects on Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), hemocytes: Screening of 23 molecules using flow cytometry |
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Authors: | B Gagnaire H Thomas-Guyon Th Burgeot T Renault |
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Institution: | (1) IFREMER La Tremblade, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), La Tremblade, France;(2) Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement Marin (LBEM) FRE 2727, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France;(3) Département Polluants chimiques, IFREMER, Nantes, France;(4) Ifremer La Tremblade, LPG, 17390 La Tremblade, France |
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Abstract: | The shellfish industry is an important economic activity in France, occurring mostly in estuarine zones subject to pollution
due to anthropogenic activities. The harmful effects of pollutants on species inhabiting these estuarine zones are not well
known. Among marine species, bivalve mollusks---particularly Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas---may serve a model of interest. The species is sedentary and filter-feeding, which favors bioaccumulation of pollutants
in their tissues. Oysters may be suitable for studies on disturbance by pollutants of physiological activities, among which
defense mechanisms are poorly documented in bivalves. In this study, effects of pollutants on hemocyte functions were monitored
in Pacific oyster, C. gigas. Hemocytes were exposed in vitro to selected pollutants. The strategy for investigating the effects of pollutants on hemocyte functions is based on several
biomarkers, which is more relevant than that of published papers based on single-endpoint experiments. Pollutants belonging
to the most important groups of xenobiotics (PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides) were selected and their effect on hemocyte activities
was analyzed using flow cytometry. Twenty-three pollutants were tested and eight of them showed significant modulation of
hemocyte activities. PAHs and PCB 77 induced a decrease of hemocyte activity after an incubation periods of 4 and 24 h at
200 μmol/L. Three pesticides (2,4D, paraoxon, and chlorothalonil) modulated hemocyte activities. A mixture of eight pesticides
also decreased phagocytotic activity. This study is one of the first to investigate the effects of so many pollutants on hemocyte
functions at the same time and therefore allows a real comparison of different pollutant effects |
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Keywords: | cellular activities flow cytometry hemocytes Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas PAHs PCBs pesticides toxicity |
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