内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区4 种小型食肉目动物的食性构成的初步分析

为了解同域分布动物的食物竞争关系,采用样线法收集粪便样品,依据残遗物鉴别物种的方法,于2007年8 ～12 月对赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区的赤狐、狗獾、香鼬和豹猫的食物构成进行比较。结果表明:赤狐取食所有15 类食物,并捕食小型鼬类;在赤狐粪样(n =70) 中出现率较大的植物(32.6% )以重量比率计算时其贡献极大下降(0.02% ),而出现率较低的草兔和鸟类重量比率较高(草兔65.4% , 鸟类22.9% ), 相对重要值的计算表示,赤狐的食物构成均一。狗獾(n = 64)以取食昆虫和植物果实为主(出现率29.3% 和57.8% )。香鼬(n =14)集中取食鼠类(出现率73.7% ,相对重量99.8% ),豹猫(n = 11) 则以鸟类居多(出现率27.8% ,相对重量69.0% )。食物生态位的宽度以赤狐最大(0.2),其次为豹猫(0.07)。根据食物生态位的重
叠度分析,赤狐与狗獾(O = 0.99)和豹猫(O = 0.7)以及狗獾与豹猫(O = 0.6)的种间竞争较强, 但在主要食物上出现分离,实现捕食者之间的共存。赤狐对香鼬的捕食可能限制了其种群的发展。

Preliminary comparison of diet composition of four small sized carnivores at Saihanwula Nature Reserve,Inner Mongolia

Food habits and competition of sympatric carnivores at Saihanwula Nature Reserve,Inner Mongolia were compared from August to December 2007 by examining fecal content.Food items were evaluated by rate of occurrence in the diet and in weight percentage of total diet.Our study included red fox(Vulpes vulpes),badger(Meles meles),mountain weasel(Mustela altaica) and leopard cat(Felis bengalensis).The data indicate red fox ingested 15 kinds of food with the following composition: plants(32.6%),rodents(31.3%) and ...