Inclusion of nuclear intron sequence data helps to identify the Asian sister group of New World pitvipers |
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| Authors: | Anita Malhotra Simon Creer Catharine E. Pook Roger S. Thorpe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratorio Ecología Molecular, las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile;2. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, CNRS UMR 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France;3. Ifremer, Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds-DEEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond-LEP, Centre de Brest - BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France;4. University of Rostock, Institute of Biology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany;5. Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000 Ghent, Belgium;6. Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;7. Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France;8. Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Wetland Ecology Departement, Avenida Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain;9. Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;10. National Institute of Biology, Marine Biological Station, Forna?e 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia;11. UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation & Diversity in the Marine Environment Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France;1. Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;2. Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands;3. Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau;4. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China;5. Mtoxins, 1111 Washington Ave, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA |
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| Abstract: | Despite much effort towards resolving the molecular phylogenetic tree for pitvipers, some aspects remain unresolved. In particular, the sister group of the diverse New World radiation has remained impossible to identify with any certainty. In this study, which for the first time includes nuclear intron data from all major groups of Asian pitvipers as well as representatives of the New World radiation, Bayesian inference allows Gloydius to be identified as the most likely sister group to the New World radiation and sheds light on other ambiguous relationships among the Old World pitvipers. The sister group relationship of “Ovophis” okinavensis and “Trimeresurus” gracilis is confirmed by the addition of nuclear genes, and we hypothesise that they form a sister group to the Gloydius + New World clade, best supported when the phylogenetic signal from gaps is included in the form of a simple-coded matrix. |
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