Phylogeny and phylogeography of the sword-tailed newt,Cynops ensicauda (Amphibia: Caudata), as revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA |
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| Authors: | Atsushi Tominaga Hidetoshi Ota Masafumi Matsui |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute for Environmental Studies,16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0061, Japan;2. Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences and Museum of Nature and Human Activities, University of Hyogo Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan;3. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;4. Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;1. Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan;3. Department of Comparative and Behavioral Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;4. Department of Biology, Waseda University, and Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;1. Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;2. Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan;3. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;1. Department of Landscape and Architecture, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan;2. Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;1. Department of Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan;2. Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi Prefecture 448-8542, Japan;1. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan;2. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan |
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| Abstract: | We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography among individuals of the endemic newt (Cynops ensicauda) of the Central Ryukyus, Japan based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The results of phylogenetic analyses showed the presence of remarkable differentiation between assemblages from the Amami and Okinawa Island Groups, supporting the validity of the subspecies C. e. popei described from the latter on morphological grounds. The group of individuals from Okinawa Island Group was further divided into two distinct subgroups unlike the results of previous morphological and allozyme studies. Geographic ranges of these subgroups overlapped in the northern part of Okinawajima Island. The phylogeographic pattern within the Okinawa Island Group suggests an initial division into two geographically isolated population lineages and subsequent secondary sympatry before formation of reproductive isolation. It is also likely that within the Okinawa Island Group emigration occurred from the central and northern parts of Okinawajima Island to its southern part, as well as to several small islets off its western coast. Within the Amami Island Group, recurring restricted gene flow with isolation by distance seems to have occurred around the southwestern region including three islets southwest of Amamioshima Island. |
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