Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with antiviral activity against fish nodavirus |
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| Authors: | Ta-Jui Chia Yu-Chi Wu Jyh-Yih Chen Shau-Chi Chi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;2. Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan;3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;1. Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain;2. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;3. CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;4. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain;5. Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;1. Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;2. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China;3. Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China;4. School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, USA;5. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China;1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;1. Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Spain;2. Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;1. IBMC, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain;2. INIA-SIGT–Biotecnología, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;2. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA;3. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy;4. Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy;5. IRBM Science Park SpA, Biology Department, Rome, Italy;6. Center of Large Equipments, Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is classified as betanodavirus of Nodaviridae, and has caused mass mortality of numerous marine fish species at larval stage. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role of innate immunity either against bacterial pathogens or viruses. Up to date, little is known if any AMP could effectively inhibit fish nodaviruses and its mechanism. In this study, the antiviral activities of three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against grouper NNV (GNNV) were screened in the fish cell line. Two of the three AMPs, tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5) and cyclic shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (cSALF), were able to agglutinate purified NNV particles into clump, and the clumps were further confirmed to be viral proteins by TEM and Western blot. The NNV solution, separately pre-mixed with AMP (TH 1-5 or cSALF) or deionized-distilled water for 1 h, was used to infect GF-1 cells, and the levels of capsid protein in the GNNV-AMP-infected cells at 1 h post infection were much lower than that in the GNNV-H2O-infected cells, indicating that only a small portion of viral particles in the GNNV-AMP mixture could successfully infected the cells. Treatment of cBB cells with TH 1-5 and cSALF did not induce Mx gene expression; however, grouper epinecidin-1 (CP643-1) could induce the expression of Mx in the pre-treated cBB cells. This study revealed three AMPs with anti-NNV activity through two different mechanisms, and shed light on the future application in aquaculture. |
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