Phylogenetic relationships of phrynosomatid lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial data,and a revised phylogeny for Sceloporus |
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| Authors: | John J. Wiens Caitlin A. Kuczynski Saad Arif Tod W. Reeder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA;2. Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4164, USA;1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, A.P. 1-69 Plaza Juárez, C.P. 42001, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico;2. Department of Biology, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA, 31207, USA;3. Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico;1. Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;2. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62209, Mexico;3. Department of Biology and ML Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;1. Florida Museum of Natural History, Museum Road, Dickinson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;2. School of Natural Resources and Environment, 103 Black Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B Downs, MDC56, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;4. Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;5. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;1. Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia;4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;2. Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA |
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| Abstract: | Phrynosomatid lizards are among the most common and diverse groups of reptiles in western North America, Mexico, and Central America. Phrynosomatidae includes 136 species in 10 genera. Phrynosomatids are used as model systems in many research programs in evolution and ecology, and much of this research has been undertaken in a comparative phylogenetic framework. However, relationships among many phrynosomatid genera are poorly supported and in conflict between recent studies. Further, previous studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences suggested that the most species-rich genus (Sceloporus) is possibly paraphyletic with respect to as many as four other genera (Petrosaurus, Sator, Urosaurus, and Uta). Here, we collect new sequence data from five nuclear genes and combine them with published data from one additional nuclear gene and five mitochondrial gene regions. We compare trees from nuclear and mitochondrial data from 37 phrynosomatid taxa, including a “species tree” (from BEST) for the nuclear data. We also present a phylogeny for 122 phrynosomatid species based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data, which provides a strongly-supported hypothesis for relationships among most phrynosomatid genera and includes most phrynosomatid species. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Sceloporus (including Sator) and many of the relationships within it. We present a new classification for phrynosomatid lizards and the genus Sceloporus, and offer a new tree with branch lengths for use in comparative studies. |
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