Factors governing the induction of diapause in Ephestia elutella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera)

Diapause in fully grown larvae of Ephestia elutella and Plodia inferpunctella was induced by low temperature and short photoperiods. Light intensities below 1 lx affected the induction of diapause in both species. At 20 and 25d?C, the critical photo-period for E.elutella was c. 14 h, and for P.interpunctella c. 13 h. The sensitive phase in both species occurred at about the time of the fourth larval moult. In E.elutella about seven short photoperiods were required for larvae to enter diapause. In P.interpunctella high population density during larval development increased the proportion of larvae entering diapause. The conditions inducing diapause in laboratory stocks, and in stocks collected from the field, were different. Laboratory stocks of both species did not enter diapause at 25d?C and required short photoperiods for diapause at 20d?C. Some larvae of the field stock of E.elutella entered diapause in constant darkness at 30d?C, the number being increased at low R.H., and almost all did in short photoperiods at 25°C. At 20T, most larvae of this stock entered diapause regardless of photoperiod, and at 15°C all did. In P.interpunctella up to one-third of larvae of the field stock entered diapause in short photoperiods at 25d?C, and all did if transferred to short photoperiods at 20d?C. In unheated premises, falling temperatures normally induce diapause in E.elutella each autumn, photoperiod only being important if temperatures are high. In P.interpunctella, photoperiod is a more important factor because it can override the effect of falling temperature to a greater extent than in E.elutella. In both species, however, different field populations may respond in different ways.