陕西关中地区杂种小麦强优势组合优势型研究

选用在陕西关中地区表现优良且某一农艺性状表现突出的11个冬小麦品种(系),根据农艺性状分为大粒型、多穗型、穗重型和中间型4类,组成6种NCII杂交组合模式,研究不同组合模式的杂种优势,探讨根据农艺性状划分杂种小麦亲本优势型在杂种小麦强优势组合选配中的应用.结果表明:在所组配的6种组合模式中,以大粒×多穗型组合模式表现突出,其杂种优势、超亲优势和超标优势均明显高于其它组合,分别达到了59.9%、37.1%和22.5%,因此,依据杂种小麦亲本农艺性状进行亲本优势型划分可以作为杂种小麦亲本选配的依据之一.在陕西关中地区以大粒×多穗型为杂种小麦强优势组合组配模式.

Heterotic Types of Hybrid Wheat in Central Shaanxi Province

Eleven varieties (lines) of winter wheat, which perform well and present one advantageous agronomic trait, were chosen and divided into four groups, big-kernel type, multi-spike type,heavy-spike type and medium type in terms of their agronomic traits. The types were matched to form six combinations by NCII mating design for studying the heterosis of the different combinations and exploring the utilization of the classification of heterotic types in accordance with agronomic traits in establishing well-performing combinations of hybrid wheat. The results showed that of the six combinations , the big-kernel multi-spike combination presented outstanding performance and its heterosis, heterobeltiosis and competitive edge, amounting to 59.9%, 37.1% and 22.5%, respectively , surpassed those of the other combinations. Thus, the classification of heterotic types in accordance with agronomic traits can be employed as one of the approaches to establish parental combinations. In central Shaanxi Province , the big-kernel multi-spike combination will be the one showing the strongest heterosis.