人类足迹对东北虎豹国家公园景观破碎化的影响

探讨人类活动对东北虎豹国家公园景观破碎化的影响，对于掌握东北虎豹保护与人类发展之间的矛盾，优化虎豹栖息环境具有重要意义。基于人类足迹理论构建适地化的人类足迹指标体系，结合景观格局分析、回归分析、GIS空间分析等方法，从全局和局部两个角度探讨了各人类足迹指标对东北虎豹国家公园及核心保护区、一般控制区(虎豹潜在栖息地)、一般控制区(人口聚集区)三大管控分区景观破碎化的影响范围及其空间分异特征。结果表明：(1)虎豹公园内较高、高度景观破碎化区域占公园全域面积的8.96%,且主要分布在一般控制区(人口聚集区)中，占比高达60.54%;(2)从公园全域来看，对景观破碎化的影响从高到低的人类足迹指标依次为土地利用状况，交通可达性、人口密度、工矿活动，夜间灯光强度与景观破碎化的相关性不显著；(3)从各管控分区来看，核心保护区、一般控制区(虎豹潜在栖息地)与公园全域具有相似的规律，而在一般控制区(人口聚集区)中，工矿活动的影响程度上升到第二位；(4)从区域上占主导的人类足迹指标来看，以土地利用状况影响为主的区域最为广泛；以交通可达性影响为主的区域分布在春化镇、大肚川镇、春阳镇周边地区；以人口密度影响为...

Impact of human footprint on landscape fragmentation in the Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park

Assessing the impacts of human activities on landscape fragmentation of the Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL-NP) is of great significance for balancing the conflict between the wildlife protection and urbanization, and optimizing the habitat of the tiger and leopard. In this paper, we designed three steps to evaluate the impact of human activities on landscape fragmentation of the NCTL-NP. Firstly, according to the human footprint theory, we selected five indexes, population density, land-use status, industrial and mining activities, accessibility, and nighttime lights intensity to establish a localized index system of human footprint. Then, we selected patch density (PD), edge density (ED), landscape division (DIVISION), and Shannon''s diversity index (SHDI) at the landscape scale to represent the degree of landscape fragmentation. Finally, we analyzed the impact of human footprint on the landscape fragmentation and its spatial variation in the three functional zones (core reserve, the potential habitats of the tiger and leopard, and population agglomeration zone) of the NCTL-NP. The results showed that high and very high fragmented areas, accounting for 8.96% of the NCTL-NP, were mainly distributed in the population agglomeration zone and covered up to 60.54% of the zone. Overall, the factor influencing landscape fragmentation most was land-use status, followed in order by accessibility, population density and industrial and mining activities. While the nighttime light intensity was not significantly related to landscape fragmentation. These trends were found similar in the core reserve and the potential habitats of the NCTL-NP, while the impact of industrial and mining activities on landscape fragmentation in the population agglomeration zone, although still smaller than land-use status, was larger than accessibility and population density. In terms of regions of the dominant human footprint indexes, the areas where the landscape fragmentation is mainly influenced by land-use status were the largest. The areas where the landscape fragmentation was most influenced by accessibility were distributed in the surrounding areas of Chunhua Town, Daduchuan Town and Chunyang Town. The areas where the landscape fragmentation was most influenced by population density were distributed in the surrounding areas of Luozigou Town and Fuxing Town. The area where the landscape fragmentation was most influenced by industrial and mining activities was the smallest, and it was mainly distributed in the surrounding areas of Luozigou Town. We suggest that the government should take some measures to reduce human activities in areas with severely fragmented landscapes to optimize the habitat of the tiger and leopard.