Summer season related heat and nutritional stresses on the adaptive capability of goats based on blood biochemical response and hepatic HSP70 gene expression

A study was conducted to assess the impact of summer season-related heat stress and nutritional stress individually as well as simultaneously on the adaptive capability of goats. Twenty four adult Osmanabadi bucks (average body weight (BW) 16.0 kg) were divided into four groups, C (n = 6; control), HS (n = 6; heat stress), NS (n = 6; nutritional stress) and CS (n = 6; combined stress). The study was conducted for a period of 45 days. The NS and CS bucks were under restricted feed to induce nutritional stress. The HS and CS bucks were exposed to summer heat stress. The animals exhibited different physiological adaptive behavior in the morning and afternoon. Further, the higher plasma cortisol (p < 0.01) and aldosterone (p < 0.05) was recorded in CS group as compared to other groups. The highest degree of degenerative changes and hyperactivity of endocrine cells was recorded in CS group liver and adrenal gland respectively. The higher expression of adrenal and hepatic Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70)messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was reported in CS and HS goats respectively. It can be concluded from this study that plasma cortisol and adrenal HSP70 gene expression may be considered as ideal biological markers for combined stresses in Osmanabadi bucks.