Electron microscope investigation of synapses,synapse-like structures,and possible sites of release of neurosecretory material in the buccal ganglia of Helix pomatia (Mollusca)

Summary In the buccal ganglia of Helix pomatia synapses and sites of possible release of neurosecretory material were investigated electron microscopically. There is one chemical synapse and one electrotonic synapse in the neuropile of the ganglion. No synapses could be detected in the buccal nerves, cerebro-buccal connectives, or in the buccal commissure. The synaptic cleft of the chemical synapse is about 25 nm wide and contains electron-dense material whereas the cleft of the electrotonic synapse is only 5 nm wide. The presynaptic fibre of the chemical synapse contains clear vesicles and dense core vesicles. The release sites of neurosecretory material are found at the initial segment of the axons, at perikarya of neurones, and at the perineurium of the ganglion. If the terminals are located at the plasmalemma of a nerve cell, these release sites are called synapse-like structures according to Roubos and Moorer-van Delft (1979). The synapse-like structures show all structural elements of synapses, except the 25 nm cleft containing dense material; the cleft is only 15–20 nm wide here like the normal cleft between neurones and glial cells or between two fibres. If the secretory material is released at the periphery through the perineurium the terminal is called synaptoid according to Scharrer (1970). In all cases, i.e. synapses, synapse-like structures, and synaptoids, clear vesicles were found in the axon terminal. This finding provides further evidence that clear vesicles always accompany the release of substances from axon endings.