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Phylogenetic relationships of conifers inferred from partial 28S rRNA gene sequences
Authors:Stefanoviac S  Jager M  Deutsch J  Broutin J  Masselot M
Institution:1. Service Commun de Bio-Systématique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai St-Bernard, case 241, 75252 Paris, France;2. Groupe Développement et Évolution, CNRS URA 1135 et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai St-Bernard, case 241, 75252 Paris, France

Laboratoire de Paléobotanique et Paléoécologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 12, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;3. Groupe Développement et Évolution, CNRS URA 1135 et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai St-Bernard, case 241, 75252 Paris, France

Abstract:The conifers, which traditionally comprise seven families, are the largest and most diverse group of living gymnosperms. Efforts to systematize this diversity without a cladistic phylogenetic framework have often resulted in the segregation of certain genera and/or families from the conifers. In order to understand better the relationships between the families, we performed cladistic analyses using a new data set obtained from 28S rRNA gene sequences. These analyses strongly support the monophyly of conifers including Taxaceae. Within the conifers, the Pinaceae are the first to diverge, being the sister group of the rest of conifers. A recently discovered Australian genus Wollemia is confirmed to be a natural member of the Araucariaceae. The Taxaceae are nested within the conifer clade, being the most closely related to the Cephalotaxaceae. The Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae together form a monophyletic group. Sciadopitys should be considered as constituting a separate family. These relationships are consistent with previous cladistic analyses of morphological and molecular (18S rRNA, rbcL) data. Furthermore, the well-supported clade linking the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae, which has not been previously reported, suggests that the common ancestor of these families, both having the greatest diversity in the Southern Hemisphere, inhabited Gondwanaland.
Keywords:cladistic analysis  conifers  Ginkgo  phylogeny  rRNA (28S) gene sequences
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