生态位概念和内涵的发展及其在生态学中的定位

从生态位概念出发，系统回顾生态位概念的发展历程，评析各概念的内涵要点，把生态位理论划分为萌芽期、规范期、定量期和完善期4个发展阶段及2个主要学术流派.简述生态位在发展演进中受到的质疑与挑战，提炼出生态位概念的内涵特征和构成要素.在此基础上，探讨了生态位概念在生态学中的定位，提出应将生态位看成是一个宏观概念，在具体应用中应该采用细分的生态位定义和内涵.最后，讨论和归纳了生态位概念未来需要丰富和完善的要点，并对其拓展应用进行了展望.

Concept and connotation development of niche and its ecological orientation

Proceeding from the niche concept, the article commented the main points of each concept’s connotation basing on a systematic review of development on niche concepts, and divided the process into four phases including germination, standardization, quantification and perfection, with two main academic schools. Questions and challenges during niche’s development and advancement were presented to extract the characteristics and components of niche concept. On these bases, we explored the orientation of niche concept in ecology, and suggested to position it as a macro concept and detail it in specific applications. Further research points and application perspectives were sta ted in the end.