Physico-chemical characterization and the in vitro genotoxicity of medical implants metal alloy (TiAlV and CoCrMo) and polyethylene particles in human lymphocytes |
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Authors: | Goran Gajski,Želimir Jelčić,Vi&scaron nja Ore&scaron čanin,Marko Gerić,Robert Kollar,Vera Garaj-Vrhovac |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. PLIVA Croatia Ltd., TAPI Research and Development, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Advanced Energy Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia |
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Abstract: | BackgroundThe main objective of the present study was to investigate chemical composition and possible cyto/genotoxic potential of several medical implant materials commonly used in total hip joint replacement.MethodsMedical implant metal alloy (Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo) and high density polyethylene particles were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry while toxicological characterization was done on human lymphocytes using multi-biomarker approach.ResultsEnergy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed that none of the elements identified deviate from the chemical composition defined by appropriate ISO standard. Toxicological characterization showed that the tested materials were non-cyto/genotoxic as determined by the comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Particle morphology was found (by using scanning electron and optical microscope) as flat, sharp-edged, irregularly shaped fiber-like grains with the mean particle size less than 10 µm; this corresponds to the so-called "submicron wear". The very large surface area per wear volume enables high reactivity with surrounding media and cellular elements.ConclusionsAlthough orthopedic implants proved to be non-cyto/genotoxic, in tested concentration (10 μg/ml) there is a constant need for monitoring of patients that have implanted artificial hips or other joints, to minimize the risks of any unwanted health effects.General significanceThe fractal and multifractal analyses, performed in order to evaluate the degree of particle shape effect, showed that the fractal and multifractal terms are related to the "remnant" level of the particles' toxicity especially with the cell viability (trypan blue method) and total number of nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds as CBMN assay parameters. |
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Keywords: | Joint replacement Human lymphocyte Cytogenotoxicity Scanning electron microscope Fractal analysis Multifractal analysis |
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